The debris-chucking octopuses were caught on camera for the first time in Australia.
Having eight arms can make for some interesting sporting events (just check out the weird history of octopus wresting). But, if the idea of battling it out with a 100-pound, multi-armed sea beast wasn’t scary enough, imagine having eight arms throwing seashells at you. A study published today in the open-access journal PLOS ONE shows octopuses deliberately throwing debris like silt and shells, sometimes directed at other octopuses, for the first time.
In 2015 and 2016, the team of scientists from Australia and the United States used underwater cameras to record the behavior of the gloomy octopus (Octopus tetricus) in Jervis Bay in southeastern Australia. The bay is home to the world’s whitest sand on its beaches, Earth’s smallest penguin species called fairy penguins, marine mammals, and a lot of cephalopods.
“Our study arose from the concentration of octopuses at this site, which was unusual,” study author David Scheel, a marine biology professor from Alaska Pacific University, tells PopSci. “Interactions among octopuses occur very often when there are many animals present, so this location presents the rare opportunity to study behaviors beyond just mating that octopuses bring to bear on interacting with their own kind.”
The team looked at 24 hours of footage from several days and found 102 instances of debris throwing activity in a group of about 10 octopuses. Identifying the assailants individually wasn’t always possible.
After the octopuses gathered grainy silt from the seafloor or shells after eating, they released the projectiles using a tube-shaped structure above its legs that that can eject water called the siphon. The siphon was used to propel the material between their eight arms and through the water.
The projectiles were often thrown several body lengths away, and in order to do this, the octopuses had to move their siphon into an unusual position. This difficulty suggests that the throwing behavior was different than what’s needed for their general movements in the water.
“The throwing of objects that have been oriented by the thrower is a rare animal behavior,” Scheel says. “Doing this under water, even for a short distance, seems especially unusual and quite hard to do, making this an even more striking behavior.”
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